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Kewajiban dan Larangan Notaris

⚖️ Reina Natamihardja 💼 Professional Legal Insight • 📑 Corporate & Civil Law • 🎯 Strategic Advisory Kewajiban dan Laranga...

⚖️ Reina Natamihardja

💼 Professional Legal Insight • 📑 Corporate & Civil Law • 🎯 Strategic Advisory

Kewajiban dan Larangan Notaris — Adiabel Legal Insight
Adiabel Legal Insight

KEWAJIBAN DAN LARANGAN NOTARIS

Pasal 16 & 17 UUJN • Etika Jabatan • Batasan Wewenang Profesi

Sebagai pejabat umum yang menjalankan fungsi pelayanan hukum kepada masyarakat, Notaris memiliki serangkaian kewajiban dan tanggung jawab yang diatur secara normatif dalam peraturan perundang-undangan, khususnya dalam Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris (UUJN). Kewajiban ini tidak hanya berkaitan dengan pembuatan akta otentik, tetapi juga mencakup aspek administratif, etika profesi, dan kepatuhan terhadap hukum. Pemenuhan kewajiban tersebut menjadi dasar legitimasi dan perlindungan hukum atas akta-akta yang dibuat oleh Notaris.

Kewajiban Notaris

Dasar hukum utama yang mengatur kewajiban jabatan Notaris tercantum dalam Pasal 16 Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 tentang Jabatan Notaris (UUJN). Kewajiban Notaris sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 16 UUJN antara lain:

  1. Bertindak jujur, mandiri, tidak berpihak, dan menjaga kepentingan para pihak yang berkepentingan dalam perbuatan hukum.
  2. Membuat akta dalam bentuk minuta akta dan menyimpannya sebagai bagian dari protokol Notaris.
  3. Menyelenggarakan pelayanan sesuai ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan, kecuali terdapat alasan yang sah untuk menolak.
  4. Merahasiakan isi akta dan keterangan yang diperoleh dalam pelaksanaan jabatan, kecuali undang-undang menentukan lain.
  5. Menyimpan protokol Notaris pada tempat kedudukan Notaris atau di tempat lain yang ditetapkan dengan persetujuan Majelis Pengawas.
  6. Mengambil sumpah atau janji dari penghadap sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan.
  7. Membacakan akta di hadapan penghadap dan saksi, serta menjelaskan isi dan maksud akta secara jelas sebelum ditandatangani.
  8. Memberikan salinan atau kutipan akta kepada pihak yang berkepentingan sesuai ketentuan perundang-undangan.
  9. Menyediakan informasi mengenai minuta dan akta kepada pihak yang berhak dan berwenang secara hukum.
  10. Mematuhi peraturan perundang-undangan, kode etik, dan ketentuan organisasi profesi Notaris.

Kewajiban-kewajiban tersebut menegaskan bahwa jabatan Notaris tidak sekadar berkaitan dengan aspek teknis pembuatan akta, melainkan juga menyangkut tanggung jawab moral, etik, dan profesional yang harus dijaga secara konsisten.

Larangan bagi Notaris

Di samping kewajiban, UUJN juga mengatur larangan bagi Notaris. Larangan ini dimaksudkan untuk menjaga netralitas, integritas, dan profesionalitas Notaris sebagai pejabat umum. Pengaturan utama mengenai larangan jabatan terdapat dalam Pasal 17 UUJN.

Ruang Lingkup Larangan

Larangan bagi Notaris antara lain meliputi:

  1. Menjalankan jabatan di luar wilayah jabatannya yang telah ditetapkan dalam Surat Keputusan pengangkatan.
  2. Meninggalkan wilayah jabatannya lebih dari 7 hari kerja berturut-turut tanpa alasan sah dan tanpa pemberitahuan kepada Majelis Pengawas Daerah (MPD).
  3. Merangkap jabatan sebagai pejabat negara, advokat, pemimpin atau pegawai BUMN/BUMD, atau jabatan lain yang dilarang oleh undang-undang karena dapat menimbulkan konflik kepentingan.
  4. Menjadi pengurus atau anggota partai politik, mengingat Notaris dituntut bersikap netral dalam menjalankan fungsi pelayanan publik.
  5. Melakukan kegiatan usaha yang secara langsung atau tidak langsung mempengaruhi kemandirian, profesionalisme, atau integritas jabatan Notaris.
  6. Membuat akta untuk dirinya sendiri, suami/istri, keluarga sedarah atau semenda dalam garis lurus ke atas atau ke bawah sampai derajat ketiga, atau bagi pihak yang secara hukum seharusnya tidak dapat dilayani, demi menjaga objektivitas dan menghindari konflik kepentingan.
  7. Memiliki lebih dari satu kantor dalam satu wilayah jabatan atau membuka cabang, karena hal ini dapat mengganggu efektivitas pengawasan dan tertib administrasi jabatan.
  8. Melakukan promosi atau iklan jabatan secara berlebihan, termasuk penggunaan media yang tidak sesuai dengan martabat profesi (misalnya promosi komersial di media sosial tanpa batas etik).
  9. Melanggar kewajiban menjaga dan menyimpan minuta akta, repertorium, buku register, serta dokumen kenotariatan lain sebagaimana diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan.

Larangan-larangan tersebut berfungsi sebagai koridor etik dan hukum yang membatasi ruang gerak Notaris agar tetap berada dalam jalur profesionalisme, independensi, dan objektivitas.

Sanksi atas Pelanggaran Larangan

Pelanggaran terhadap kewajiban dan larangan jabatan dapat berakibat pada dikenakannya sanksi administratif, mulai dari teguran lisan dan tertulis, pembinaan khusus, pemberhentian sementara, hingga pemberhentian dengan tidak hormat berdasarkan rekomendasi Majelis Pengawas dan keputusan Menteri Hukum dan HAM.

Dengan memahami secara utuh kewajiban dan larangan sebagaimana diatur dalam UUJN, Notaris diharapkan mampu menjalankan jabatannya secara profesional, akuntabel, dan tetap menjaga martabat profesi sebagai pejabat umum pembuat akta otentik.

Reina Natamihardja
Catatan: Uraian ini bersifat ringkasan edukatif atas ketentuan Pasal 16 dan Pasal 17 UUJN tentang kewajiban dan larangan bagi Notaris, dan tidak dimaksudkan sebagai opini hukum atas kasus tertentu.

As a public official entrusted with delivering legal services to the public, a Notary bears a range of duties and responsibilities that are normatively regulated by legislation, particularly the Law on the Office of Notary (Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris / UUJN). These duties do not only relate to the drafting of authentic deeds, but also extend to administrative obligations, professional ethics, and compliance with the legal framework. Fulfilment of these duties forms the basis for the legitimacy and legal protection of deeds drawn up by the Notary.

Duties of a Notary

The main legal basis governing the duties of a Notary is found in Article 16 of Law Number 2 of 2014 amending Law Number 30 of 2004 on the Office of Notary (UUJN). The duties of a Notary under Article 16 include, among others:

  1. Act honestly, independently, and impartially, and safeguard the interests of the parties involved in the legal act.
  2. Draw up deeds in the form of minute deeds (minuta), and keep them as part of the Notarial protocol.
  3. Provide notarial services in accordance with statutory provisions, except where there are lawful grounds for refusal.
  4. Maintain the confidentiality of the contents of deeds and all information obtained in the course of performing the office, except where otherwise required by law.
  5. Store Notarial protocols at the Notary’s official seat or at another location approved by the Supervisory Council (Majelis Pengawas).
  6. Administer oaths or affirmations to appearers in accordance with applicable regulations.
  7. Read out the deed in the presence of the appearers and witnesses, and explain its contents and legal implications clearly before it is signed.
  8. Issue copies or extracts of deeds to entitled parties in accordance with statutory provisions.
  9. Provide information regarding minute deeds and notarial deeds to parties who are legally entitled and authorized to receive such information.
  10. Comply with laws and regulations, the professional code of ethics, and the rules of the Notary professional organization.

These duties underscore that the Notary’s office is not merely technical in nature, but also encompasses moral, ethical, and professional responsibilities that must be observed consistently.

Prohibitions Imposed on Notaries

Alongside duties, the UUJN also stipulates prohibitions for Notaries. These prohibitions are designed to preserve the neutrality, integrity, and professionalism of Notaries as public officials. The main provisions on prohibitions are found in Article 17 of the UUJN.

Scope of Prohibitions

Key prohibitions imposed on Notaries include:

  1. Exercising the office outside the designated jurisdiction as specified in the appointment decree.
  2. Leaving the official jurisdiction for more than 7 consecutive working days without lawful reason and without notifying the Regional Supervisory Council (Majelis Pengawas Daerah / MPD).
  3. Holding concurrent positions as a state official, advocate, director or employee of a state-owned or regional-owned enterprise, or other offices prohibited by law due to potential conflicts of interest.
  4. Serving as a board member or active member of a political party, given that Notaries must remain neutral in performing public functions.
  5. Engaging in business activities that directly or indirectly affect the independence, professionalism, or integrity of the Notary’s office.
  6. Drawing up deeds for themselves, their spouse, or relatives by blood or marriage in a direct line up or down to the third degree, or for parties who should not be served under the law, in order to maintain objectivity and avoid conflicts of interest.
  7. Maintaining more than one office within one jurisdiction or opening branches, which may disrupt effective supervision and administrative order.
  8. Engaging in excessive promotion or advertising of the office, including using media in a manner incompatible with professional dignity (such as unrestrained commercial promotion on social media).
  9. Failing to properly safeguard and store minute deeds, registers, repertoria, and other notarial documents as required by applicable regulations.

These prohibitions function as ethical and legal boundaries intended to ensure that Notaries remain independent, objective, and professional in the exercise of their public authority.

Sanctions for Breach of Duties and Prohibitions

Violations of duties and prohibitions may result in administrative sanctions, ranging from verbal and written warnings, special guidance measures, temporary suspension, to dismissal without honor, based on recommendations from the Supervisory Council and decisions of the Minister of Law and Human Rights.

A thorough understanding of the duties and prohibitions under the UUJN allows Notaries to conduct their practice responsibly, maintain public trust, and uphold the dignity of the profession as public officials authorized to draw up authentic deeds.

Reina Natamihardja
Note: This chapter is an educational summary of Articles 16 and 17 of the Notary Law (UUJN) on duties and prohibitions imposed on Notaries, and does not constitute legal advice for any specific case.

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