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Checklist Legal Due Diligence IPO

Checklist Legal Due Diligence IPO ⚖️ Reina Natamihardja 💼 Professional Legal Insight • 📑 Corporate & Civil Law • 🎯 Strategic Adviso...

Checklist Legal Due Diligence IPO

⚖️ Reina Natamihardja

💼 Professional Legal Insight • 📑 Corporate & Civil Law • 🎯 Strategic Advisory

Checklist Legal Due Diligence IPO

Dokumen • Risiko • Struktur • Kepatuhan OJK • Governance Readiness

I. Pendahuluan
Legal Due Diligence (LDD) merupakan pemeriksaan hukum menyeluruh terhadap seluruh aspek perusahaan sebelum melaksanakan Penawaran Umum Perdana (IPO). LDD diwajibkan oleh OJK melalui POJK No. 76/2017 dan menjadi dasar penyusunan Prospektus serta Pernyataan Pendaftaran. Tujuannya adalah memastikan bahwa perusahaan layak secara hukum, bebas dari hambatan material, dan memenuhi prinsip keterbukaan (disclosure).

Dasar hukum utama:
• UUPM No. 8 Tahun 1995
• POJK 7/2017, 8/2017, 9/2017, 76/2017
• POJK 66/2017 tentang Konsultan Hukum
• UUPT No. 40 Tahun 2007
• Peraturan BEI – Ketentuan Pencatatan Saham

II. Checklist Legal Due Diligence — Aspek Korporasi

  • Akta pendirian dan seluruh perubahan (harus sesuai UUPT & disahkan Menkumham).
  • Riwayat struktur kepemilikan, modal ditempatkan & disetor.
  • Susunan Direksi, Komisaris, dan independensi organ GCG.
  • Daftar Anak Perusahaan & afiliasi.
  • Risalah RUPS yang berhubungan dengan persetujuan IPO.

III. Aspek Perizinan & Kepatuhan
Pemeriksaan izin usaha menjadi krusial untuk memastikan operasi perusahaan legal.

  • Izin Usaha (NIB, OSS, sektor khusus).
  • Izin operasional & sertifikasi teknis.
  • Kepatuhan standar industri (K3, lingkungan, ISO).
  • Kepatuhan pelaporan kepada regulator: Kemenkumham, DJP, BKPM, dan instansi lain.

IV. Aspek Aset & Kepemilikan
Pemeriksaan memastikan tidak ada sengketa yang mengancam keberlanjutan usaha.

  • Bukti kepemilikan tanah & bangunan (SHM/HGB).
  • Perjanjian sewa & bukti pembayaran.
  • Inventaris alat, mesin, kendaraan, dan bukti pembelian.
  • Kepemilikan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (HKI): merek, paten, desain industri.

V. Aspek Perjanjian Material
Pasal 1 angka (25) UUPM mewajibkan pengungkapan perjanjian material yang dapat memengaruhi keputusan investor.

  • Perjanjian kredit & fasilitas pinjaman.
  • Perjanjian distribusi, agen, supply chain.
  • Perjanjian kerja sama strategis (JV, MOU, franchise).
  • Perjanjian dengan afiliasi (related party transactions).

VI. Aspek Litigasi dan Risiko Hukum
Semua perkara wajib diungkap sesuai Pasal 80 UUPM.

  • Perkara perdata, pidana, niaga, arbitrase.
  • Sebelumnya pernah dikenai sanksi administratif oleh instansi.
  • Risiko pajak, keberatan, SKPKB, atau pemeriksaan DJP.
  • Potensi gugatan atau klaim pihak ketiga.

VII. Aspek Ketenagakerjaan

  • Perjanjian kerja karyawan & outsourcing.
  • Kepatuhan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan & Kesehatan.
  • Pemutusan hubungan kerja & potensi sengketa industrial.
  • Klausul non-compete dan non-disclosure.

VIII. Aspek Lingkungan & ESG
ESG menjadi perhatian utama investor institusi.

  • Dokumen Amdal/UKL-UPL.
  • Kepatuhan pembuangan limbah & risiko pencemaran.
  • Kepatuhan standar sustainability OJK & BEI.

IX. Aspek Keuangan & Audit

  • Laporan keuangan minimal 3 tahun (audit WTP wajib).
  • Pemeriksaan utang & kontinjensi.
  • Rekonsiliasi pajak, potensi risiko fiskal.

X. Output Legal Due Diligence
Konsultan hukum wajib menyusun:

  • Laporan Due Diligence (temuan lengkap & risiko hukum).
  • Legal Opinion (LO) sebagai dokumen resmi ke OJK.
  • Checklist pemenuhan regulasi sesuai POJK & BEI.

XI. Kesimpulan
LDD memastikan perusahaan memenuhi standar hukum tertinggi sebelum IPO. Kegagalan mengungkap fakta material dapat berakibat serius: penundaan IPO, sanksi OJK, hingga gugatan investor.

I. Introduction
Legal Due Diligence (LDD) is a comprehensive legal review required before an IPO to ensure the issuer meets all regulatory, corporate, and legal standards imposed by OJK and IDX.

II. Corporate Structure
Review of articles of association, shareholding structure, governing organs, subsidiaries, and corporate authorizations.

III. Licensing & Compliance
Ensuring that all operational and sectoral licenses are valid and in full compliance.

IV. Assets & Ownership
Verification of land, buildings, machinery, vehicles, and intellectual property.

V. Material Contracts
Including loans, supply agreements, partnerships, and related-party transactions.

VI. Litigation & Legal Exposure
All pending or potential disputes must be disclosed under Article 80 of the Capital Market Law.

VII. Employment & HR Risks
Review of employment contracts, severance liabilities, and compliance with BPJS obligations.

VIII. ESG & Environmental Compliance
Assessment of environmental permits and sustainability risks.

IX. Financial & Audit Review
Examination of audited financial statements and fiscal compliance.

X. Deliverables
LDD Report, Legal Opinion, and compliance checklist for OJK and IDX.

XI. Conclusion
LDD is a foundational step to ensure transparency, legal certainty, and investor protection in the IPO process.

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