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Dokumen yang Wajib Disiapkan Sebelum Go Public

Dokumen yang Wajib Disiapkan Sebelum Go Public ⚖️ Reina Natamihardja 💼 Professional Legal Insight • 📑 Corporate & Civil Law • 🎯 Str...

Dokumen yang Wajib Disiapkan Sebelum Go Public

⚖️ Reina Natamihardja

💼 Professional Legal Insight • 📑 Corporate & Civil Law • 🎯 Strategic Advisory

Dokumen yang Wajib Disiapkan Sebelum Go Public

POJK • Prospektus • Due Diligence • BEI Listing Requirements

I. Pendahuluan
Untuk dapat melaksanakan Penawaran Umum Perdana (Initial Public Offering/IPO), perusahaan wajib menyiapkan serangkaian dokumen hukum, keuangan, tata kelola, dan administratif. Dokumen-dokumen ini menjadi dasar penilaian Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) dalam menyetujui Pernyataan Pendaftaran serta menentukan kelayakan pencatatan saham di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Ketentuan ini diatur dalam UUPM, UUPT, POJK 76/2017, dan Peraturan BEI No. I-A.

II. Surat Pengantar Pernyataan Pendaftaran
Dokumen resmi dari perusahaan kepada OJK yang menyatakan niat untuk melaksanakan IPO. Surat ini memuat:

  • identitas perusahaan;
  • struktur pemegang saham;
  • jumlah saham yang akan ditawarkan;
  • penjamin emisi efek yang ditunjuk.
Ketentuan ini mengacu pada POJK 76/2017.

III. Prospektus
Prospektus adalah dokumen paling penting dalam IPO. UUPM Pasal 1 angka (26) mendefinisikan prospektus sebagai setiap informasi tertulis mengenai penawaran umum kepada masyarakat. Prospektus harus memuat:

  • risiko usaha dan risiko industri;
  • struktur permodalan dan penggunaan dana IPO;
  • laporan keuangan lengkap minimal 3 tahun;
  • informasi litigasi dan perikatan material;
  • struktur manajemen dan GCG.

IV. Laporan Keuangan Auditan
Wajib diaudit oleh Akuntan Publik terdaftar di OJK dengan opini Wajar Tanpa Pengecualian (WTP). Dasar hukum: POJK No. 13/2017. Laporan minimum mencakup:

  • neraca dan laba rugi 3 tahun terakhir;
  • arus kas, perubahan ekuitas;
  • catatan atas laporan keuangan;
  • laporan auditor independen.

V. Pernyataan Pemegang Saham
Dokumen yang menyatakan:

  • komitmen pemegang saham sebelum dan sesudah IPO;
  • rasio saham yang dilepas ke publik;
  • pengendalian setelah IPO (post-offering control).
Ketentuan merujuk BEI I-A dan POJK keterbukaan informasi.

VI. Legal Due Diligence Report
Konsultan hukum melakukan pemeriksaan komprehensif terhadap aspek hukum perusahaan, termasuk:

  • anggaran dasar dan legalitas korporasi;
  • perjanjian penting dan hubungan hukum dengan pihak ketiga;
  • aset perusahaan dan hak atas kekayaan intelektual;
  • sengketa hukum dan potensi risiko litigasi;
  • kepatuhan terhadap peraturan industri.
Dasar hukum: POJK 66/2017 & Standar HKHPM.

VII. Legal Opinion (Pendapat Hukum)
Berisi kesimpulan hukum terkait kelayakan perusahaan untuk melakukan IPO, termasuk:

  • validitas anggaran dasar;
  • keabsahan izin usaha dan perizinan operasional;
  • risiko hukum material;
  • kepatuhan terhadap peraturan pasar modal.

VIII. Dokumen Tambahan Sesuai Ketentuan BEI
BEI mempersyaratkan dokumen tambahan seperti:

  • surat kesanggupan pemenuhan free float;
  • surat pernyataan direksi & komisaris;
  • struktur GCG pasca-IPO;
  • laporan appraisal untuk aset tertentu.

IX. Kesimpulan
Kelengkapan dokumen menentukan kelancaran proses IPO. Dokumen yang lengkap mencerminkan tingkat transparansi, kesiapan hukum, dan tata kelola perusahaan. Semakin baik kualitas dokumen, semakin kuat kepercayaan investor terhadap perusahaan.

I. Introduction
To proceed with an Initial Public Offering (IPO), companies must prepare a comprehensive set of legal, financial, governance, and administrative documents. These documents form the basis of OJK’s evaluation of the IPO registration and the listing eligibility at the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX).

II. Registration Statement Cover Letter
A formal declaration submitted to OJK expressing the company’s intention to conduct an IPO. It includes corporate identity, shareholder structure, number of shares offered, and appointed underwriters.

III. Prospectus
The primary disclosure document required under the Capital Market Law. It must contain:

  • business and industry risks;
  • capital structure and use of proceeds;
  • audited financial statements;
  • material contracts and litigation risks;
  • management profiles and governance structure.

IV. Audited Financial Statements
Must be audited by an OJK-registered Public Accountant with an unqualified (clean) opinion, covering a minimum of 3 years.

V. Shareholders’ Statement
Includes commitments related to ownership, lock-up periods, public offering ratios, and control after the offering.

VI. Legal Due Diligence
Conducted by legal consultants registered with OJK. Examination includes:

  • corporate legality;
  • contracts and obligations;
  • assets and IP rights;
  • litigation risks;
  • regulatory compliance.

VII. Legal Opinion
A formal legal conclusion confirming the readiness and legal feasibility of the company to undertake an IPO.

VIII. IDX Additional Requirements
IDX requires additional documents such as governance confirmations, free float compliance, and asset valuation reports.

IX. Conclusion
Complete documentation ensures transparency, strengthens investor trust, and facilitates a smooth IPO approval and listing process.

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